Hottest China Announces 2008 national top science

China announced the 2008 national top science and technology award editor's note: at present, China has established five national science and technology awards, including the national top science and technology award, the National Natural Science Award, the National Technological Invention Award, the national science and technology progress award, and the international science and Technology Cooperation Award of the people's Republic of China. The number of recipients of the national highest science and technology award shall not exceed 2 every year. Winners must make major breakthroughs in the frontier of contemporary science and technology or make outstanding achievements in the development of science and technology; In the process of scientific and technological innovation, transformation of scientific and technological achievements and high-tech industrialization, great economic or social benefits will be created. The prize amount of the winners is 5million yuan

among them, the national highest science and technology award is submitted to the president for signing and issuing certificates and bonuses; The certificate of the international scientific and Technological Cooperation Award of the people's Republic of China shall be issued by the State Council; These two awards are not graded. The other three awards are issued certificates and bonuses by the State Council, which are divided into two levels: the first and second prizes; Special awards may be awarded to citizens who have made particularly significant scientific discoveries or technological inventions, and to citizens and organizations who have made outstanding contributions to the completion of scientific and technological projects, plans, projects, etc. of particular significance

Xu Guangxian, School of chemistry, Peking University, and Wang Zhongcheng, Beijing Temple of Heaven hospital, won the 2008 national highest science and technology award respectively, and they will each receive a prize of 5million yuan

Xu Guangxian is known as "yuanlongping in rare earth industry" in the industry. He made groundbreaking contributions to the development of Rare Earth Chemistry and rare earth industry in China. As early as the 1970s, Xu Guangxian and his colleagues proposed the theory of rare earth cascade extraction and the calculation method of optimal process for the first time in the world in order to avoid the end of the "Cultural Revolution" in which the instrument was under load for a long time

Caijing learned from the National Rare Earth Information Office that Xu Guangxian is still concerned about China's rare earth industry after his retirement. Despite his old age and infirmity, he personally went to Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia and Mianning mining area in Panxi, Sichuan, and twice drafted written suggestions to the Central Committee on the sustainable, efficient and clean utilization of Bayan Obo mine and thorium resources, which were quickly approved by Premier Wen Jiabao

nowadays, China has become a major rare earth country, with rare earth production, rare earth exports and rare earth consumption ranking first in the world. However, China has not become a rare earth power, and the development and application of rare earth materials have fallen behind developed countries. In an interview with the media, Xu Guangxian said he hoped that researchers would continue to work hard to make China a rare earth power

rare earth elements, also known as rare earth metals, refer to the 15 lanthanide elements in the periodic table of elements, as well as scandium and yttrium elements closely related to lanthanide. Rare earth was originally found in relatively rare minerals produced in Sweden, but in fact, the content of rare earth elements in the earth's crust is not rare and can be mined for more than a thousand years. Rare earths are widely used in life and military affairs. Rare earths are used in camera lenses, catalysts for refining gasoline, permanent magnets in missiles, etc

another winner, Wang Zhongcheng, is one of the pioneers of neurosurgery in China. In 1952, the Ministry of health prepared to establish neurosurgery in Tianjin. Wang Zhongcheng began his neurosurgery clinical research journey under Professor Zhao Yicheng. In 1965, he edited and published China's first neurosurgery monograph - "cerebral angiography". Later, he and Zhao Yicheng established the Beijing Institute of neurosurgery in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital. In the 1980s, Wang Zhongcheng led the establishment of the temple of Heaven hospital, a comprehensive hospital centered on neurosurgery

Wang Zhongcheng has completed tens of thousands of craniotomy operations. Dr. Sun chongran, his student and neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, told Caijing that he did not know whether this had set a record for neurosurgery, but it must also be among the best in the world

Wang Zhongcheng also explored the brain stem field, which was once considered as the "forbidden area" of neurosurgery. He successfully operated on hundreds of patients with brain stem tumors. Next, he carried out basic research and surgical treatment of spinal cord tumors

Wang Zhongcheng also trained a large number of Neurosurgery talents by connecting a series of transmission mechanisms with the photoelectric encoder installed on the top of the measuring device. Sun chongran said, "it is conservatively estimated that about one-third of neurosurgeons in the country are directly or indirectly related to their husbands."

because of his age, Wang Zhongcheng had to put down his beloved scalpel, but he was still active in the front line of clinical practice. When sun chongran was studying for a doctor in Tiantan Hospital, he witnessed that Wang Zhongcheng, who was over 80, participated in the discussion of a case

Wang Zhongcheng has long been famous, but he prefers to live in seclusion and pay attention to the inspection of Jianchu. Sun chongran said that when students and colleagues want to find Mr. Wang Zhongcheng, they hardly need to make an appointment. They can basically find him in his office

in 2002, CCTV film channel also specially broadcast the TV movie "Wang Zhongcheng", which reflects Wang Zhongcheng's deeds

the national top science and technology award, established in 2000, is the highest individual science and Technology Award in China. No more than two people will be granted each year. At present, the prize for each winner is 5million yuan, of which 4.5 million yuan is selected by the winner independently for scientific research funds, and the remaining 500000 yuan is the personal income of the winner

so far, a total of 14 scientific and technological workers have won the national highest science and technology award. Previous winners include Wu Zhengyi, min Enze, Li Zhensheng, ye Duzheng, Wu Mengchao, Liu Dongsheng, Wang Yongzhi, Wu Wenjun, Yuan Longping, Wang Xuan, Huang Kun and Jin Yilian

it is worth noting that Xu Guangxian is 88 years old and Wang Zhongcheng is 83 years old. In 2007, the country also had PP composite calcium carbonate or talc powder and PS foaming; The other is the two winners of the high-tech Award for degradable materials. Wu Zhengyi was over 90 years old when he won the award, and min Enze was nearly 84 years old

previously, Xu Guangxian and Wang Zhongcheng both won the "Hong Kong Ho Leung Ho Lee fund science and Technology Achievement Award". The award is selected once a year, and each winner is awarded HK $1million. In the past 15 years, 26 outstanding Chinese scientific and technological workers have won this award. Most of the winners of the national top science and technology award, like Xu Guangxian and Wang Zhongcheng, have previously won the "Heliang Heli science and Technology Achievement Award"

in addition, a number of research achievements in China have won the 2008 National Science and technology progress award, technological invention award and natural science award respectively. Among them, three achievements, including the "Qinghai Tibet railway project", were awarded the special prize of the national science and technology progress award, and 26 achievements, including the "Research on the full superconducting noncircular cross-section Tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device", were awarded the first prize of the science and Technology Progress Award; "Small high-precision celestial sensor technology" and other three achievements were awarded the first prize of the National Technological Invention Award; The first prize of the National Natural Science Award is vacant